1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; copper T=240 - 250°C; 6 h;

<b>Multi-step reaction with 5 steps<br /> </b>1: Mg / methanol; toluene / Heating<br />2: 91 percent / K₂CO₃ / dimethylformamide / 2.5 h / Heating<br />3: NaOMe / methanol / -20 - -8 &deg;C<br />4: xylene / Heating<br />5: 97 percent / aq. NaOH / Heating<br /> <br /> &nbsp;