1: 6,6'-dibromo-2,2',3,3'-tetramethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl With n-butyllithium in tetrahydrofuran; hexane T=-78°C; 5 h; 2: N,N-dimethyl-formamide in tetrahydrofuran; hexane T=-50°C; 1 h; 3: With hydrogenchloride in tetrahydrofuran; hexane T=20°C; 0.166667 h;

copper

sodium hydride; triphenylphosphine; zinc; NiCl2((PPh3)P)2 in toluene T=90 - 95°C; Ullmann-type coupling reaction; 12 h; Product distribution; Further Variations:Reagentsreaction time;

sodium hydride; triphenylphosphine; zinc; NiCl2((PPh3)P)2 in toluene T=90 - 95°C; Ullmann-type coupling reaction; 4 h; Product distribution; Further Variations:Reagentsreaction time;

copper