1: With carbonic acid diphenyl ester in N,N-dimethyl-formamide 100 h; 2: With sodium hydrogencarbonate in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=120 - 130°C; 2 h;

1: ammonia / H2O; methanol View Scheme

Product distribution / selectivity;

in ethanol; water 2 h; Reflux;

1: ammonium hydroxide / methanol / 65 h / 20 °C 2: ethanol; water / 2 h / |Reflux View Scheme

1: L(+)-arabinose; Carbamonitrile 2: propynoic acid methyl ester

1: 84 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / Ambient temperature 2: 87 percent / pyridine / Ambient temperature 3: 48 percent / 4-chlorophenyl phosphorodichloridate / pyridine / 72 h / Ambient temperature 4: 87 percent / NH4OH / dioxane / 48 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

sodium hydroxide in ethanol; water 4 h; Ambient temperature;

1.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 0 °C 2.1: 22.6 g / NaOH / methanol; H2O / 2 h / 20 °C 3.1: diethylaminosulfur trifluoride; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 4 h / Heating 4.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / methanol / 3 h / 20 °C 4.2: 6.8 g / pyridine / 20 h / 20 °C 5.1: 83 percent / NH3 / methanol / 20 h / 20 °C View Scheme