diisobutylaluminium hydride in tetrahydrofuran (N2); not isolated, used in a soln.;

1: dichloromethane; acetone 2: dichloromethane View Scheme

[(C4H9)4N]CN in tetrahydrofuran byproducts: C6H5CN, [(C4H9)4N]I; an equimolar amt. of (C4H9)4NCN added slowly to Pd complex in THF at 25°C;

ethanol in tetrahydrofuran dropwise addn. of 4 equiv Ph2MeSiLi in THF soln. to a stirred suspn. of the Pd(II) compd. in dry THF (room temp., under dry Ar), immediate color change of the suspn. from white to yellow, decompn. of excess Li-reagent by addn. of ethanol; removal of solvent and volatile by-products (reduced pressure), addn. of dry ethanol to the yellow solid, filtration (fine frit), washing (1. dry ethanol, 3 times; 2. dry pentane, 2 times), drying (vac.); elem. anal.;

PPh3 in dichloromethane Kinetics; byproducts: C6Cl2F3CH=CH2; (N2); at 50°C; monitored by NMR; not isolated;

1: toluene 2: dichloromethane; acetone 3: dichloromethane View Scheme

1: dichloromethane; acetone 2: dichloromethane View Scheme

KF; 18-crown-6 in tetrahydrofuran byproducts: Ph3PO, Ph3PF2; suspending ((Ph3P)3PdCl)BF4 and KF in THF under Ar, addn. of a soln. of 18-crown-6 in THF, stirring (1 h) yielding a yellow soln., heating (60°C, 15 min); not separated and isolated; detn. by 31P-NMR;

in dichloromethane Kinetics; byproducts: C6Cl2F3CH=CH2; (N2); at 50°C; monitored by NMR; in absence and presence of PPh3; not isolated;

hexamethyl-benzene; potassium carbonate in water; toluene (under N2, Schlenk); toluene and aq. K2CO3 added to tube with Pd-complex, C6H5B(OH)2 and hexamethylbenzene, stirred at 50°C for 10 min; monitored by MS;