potassium tert-butylate; water; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) in butan-1-ol T=100°C; 8 - 10 h;

tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); (S)-(-)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl in isopropyl alcohol T=0.83°C; Migita-Sano Synthesis; 18 h; Inert atmosphereLarge scale; Reagent/catalystSolventTime;

tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) in ethanol; water

1: sodium hydroxide; tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydrogensulfate / tetrahydrofuran; water / 3 h / |Inert atmosphere; |Reflux 2: (S)-(-)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) / isopropyl alcohol / 18 h / 0.83 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Large scale View Scheme

sodium hydroxide; CsCO3 in dimethyl sulfoxide T=125 - 130°C; 17 - 24 h;