2: 60 percent / p-chloranil, HCl gas / benzene View Scheme

palladium on activated charcoal; diphenylether

1: phosphorus (V)-chloride; benzene 2: sodium-amalgam; ethanol; sodium hydrogencarbonate 3: iron (III)-chloride; hydrochloric acid; water View Scheme

1: 96 percent / KNO3 / aq. H2SO4 / 1 h / -2 - 0 °C 2: 1.) aluminium amalgame; 2.) oxygen / 1.) ethanol, 95 deg C, 1 h; 2.) 8 h 3: 1.) sodium nitrite, p-sulfanilic acid, sodium acetate; 3.) sodium dithionite, 2.5 percent sodium hydroxide / 1.) acetic acid, -2 deg C, 1 h; 2.) 33 percent aq. acetic acid, 0 deg C, 15 min; 3.) 1 h 4: 1.5 M sulfuric acid, potassium dichromate / CHCl3 5: 66 percent / bromine / CHCl3 / 24 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

water; hydrogen bromide auf Siedetemperatur;