1.1: NBS; AIBN / CCl4 / 2.5 h / Heating 2.1: 5.37 g / nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 5 h / -78 °C 3.1: HCl / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 2 h / 20 °C 3.2: 71 percent / HCl / ethyl acetate / 3 h / 0 °C 4.1: 96 percent / NaOH / ethanol; H2O / 1 h / 40 °C View Scheme

1.1: 94 percent / KOH / ethanol; H2O / 3 h / 100 - 110 °C 2.1: 96 percent / copper powder / quinoline / 3 h / Heating 3.1: 96 percent / DMAP / acetonitrile / 0 - 20 °C 4.1: NBS; AIBN / CCl4 / 2.5 h / Heating 5.1: 5.37 g / nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 5 h / -78 °C 6.1: HCl / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 2 h / 20 °C 6.2: 71 percent / HCl / ethyl acetate / 3 h / 0 °C 7.1: 96 percent / NaOH / ethanol; H2O / 1 h / 40 °C View Scheme

1.1: 5.37 g / nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 5 h / -78 °C 2.1: HCl / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 2 h / 20 °C 2.2: 71 percent / HCl / ethyl acetate / 3 h / 0 °C 3.1: 96 percent / NaOH / ethanol; H2O / 1 h / 40 °C View Scheme

1.1: HCl / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 2 h / 20 °C 1.2: 71 percent / HCl / ethyl acetate / 3 h / 0 °C 2.1: 96 percent / NaOH / ethanol; H2O / 1 h / 40 °C View Scheme

borate buffer; cobalt(II) chloride T=37°C; pH=8.0; 48 h; Enzymatic reaction; Title compound not separated from byproducts.;

sodium hydrogencarbonate in 1,4-dioxane; water 6 h;

triethylamine in water; acetonitrile T=20°C; pH=8.5 - 9.0; 0.5 h; Enzymatic reaction;