1: 94 percent / 7n HCl / methanol / 0.08 h / Ambient temperature 2: 1) 9.2n HCl, isoamyl nitrite, 2) Et3N / 1) DMF, THF, 30 min, -47 deg C, 2) 48h, -5 deg C 3: 99percent hydrazine hydrate / 1) -20 deg C, Et3N, THF, 2) 48h to -5deg C, DMF 3) 20h to -5deg C 4: 1) 6.1n HCl, isoamyl nitrite, 2) triethylamine / 1) -30deg C, THF, 30 min; 2) -45deg C, DMF, 15h between -5deg C to 0deg C View Scheme

1: 93 percent / N2 / palladium black / 1 h / Ambient temperature 2: 1) 6.1n HCl, isoamyl nitrite, 2) triethylamine / 1) -30deg C, THF, 30 min; 2) -45deg C, DMF, 15h between -5deg C to 0deg C View Scheme

1: 1) 9.2n HCl, isoamyl nitrite, 2) Et3N / 1) DMF, THF, 30 min, -47 deg C, 2) 48h, -5 deg C 2: 99percent hydrazine hydrate / 1) -20 deg C, Et3N, THF, 2) 48h to -5deg C, DMF 3) 20h to -5deg C 3: 1) 6.1n HCl, isoamyl nitrite, 2) triethylamine / 1) -30deg C, THF, 30 min; 2) -45deg C, DMF, 15h between -5deg C to 0deg C View Scheme

hydrogenchloride; triethylamine; isopentyl nitrite 1) -30deg C, THF, 30 min; 2) -45deg C, DMF, 15h between -5deg C to 0deg C; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

water T=50°C; 2160 h; pH = 6.5; var. temp. and times of degradation; Product distribution;

water T=50°C; 2160 h; pH = 6.5; var. temp. and times of degradation; Product distribution;

acetate buffer; sodium perchlorate in water T=70°C; mechanism, ΔE(excit.), other reagents: perchloric acid, borate buffer, carbonate buffer, various temperature, pH, reactant concentration, ionic strength; KineticsRate constantThermodynamic data;