in toluene byproducts: 1-hydroxy-1,1,2,2-tetramesityldigermane; Irradiation (UV/VIS); Ge compd. in toluene was photolyzed in presence of Et3SiH at -70°C; aldehyde was added; mixt. was warmed to 75°C; NMR monitoring; not isolated;

1: 75 percent / diethyl ether / 3 h / 0 °C 2: pyridine / 5 h / Ambient temperature 3: hexane; CH2Cl2 / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1.) B3SnH in benzene multistep reaction, other substrates; Product distributionMechanism;

t-BuLi in diethyl ether; pentane byproducts: (C6H4)2C=CH(CHCH2CHPh); (Ar); Schlenk technique; soln. of t-BuLi in pentane was slowly added to soln. of Ge compd. in Et2O cooled in dry ice/acetone bath; warmed to room temp.; soln. of aldehyde in Et2O was added; stirred for 1 h; NMR monitoring; evapd. (vac.); thin layer chromd. (silica gel, hexane/CH2Cl2, 50/50); suspnd. in CH2Cl2; filtered; solvent removed (vac.);

1.1: NaH / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 20 °C 1.2: 84 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 2.1: 95 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / 1 h / Heating 3.1: 40 percent / tributylphosphine / CH2Cl2 / 0.17 h / -30 - 20 °C 4.1: 45 percent / Bu3SnH; AIBN / benzene / 4 h / Heating View Scheme