in toluene T=40 - 60°C; 24 h;

1: 87 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol; acetic acid / Ambient temperature 2: N,N-diisopropylethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 0.75 h / -78 °C 3: N,N-diisopropylethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C / -78 deg C, 2 h; r.t., 1 h 4: 30percent H2O2 / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 5: 83 percent / toluene / 24 h / 40 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: 86 percent / DCC, DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 10 h / Ambient temperature 2: 87 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol; acetic acid / Ambient temperature 3: N,N-diisopropylethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 0.75 h / -78 °C 4: N,N-diisopropylethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C / -78 deg C, 2 h; r.t., 1 h 5: 30percent H2O2 / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 6: 83 percent / toluene / 24 h / 40 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: N,N-diisopropylethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 0.75 h / -78 °C 2: N,N-diisopropylethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C / -78 deg C, 2 h; r.t., 1 h 3: 30percent H2O2 / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 4: 83 percent / toluene / 24 h / 40 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: 30percent H2O2 / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 2: 83 percent / toluene / 24 h / 40 - 60 °C View Scheme

water in various solvent(s) T=37°C; pH=8.5; Enzyme kinetics; Further Variations:Solventsvar. conc.;