1: 72 percent / aq. NaOH / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / Ambient temperature 2: 75 percent / toluene / 1.5 h / Heating 3: 1.) KOH; 2.) AcOH / 1.) EtOH, room temp., 8 h; 2.) H2O View Scheme

1: 86 percent / oxalyl chloride, DMF / CH2Cl2; diethyl ether / 2 h / Ambient temperature 2: 72 percent / aq. NaOH / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / Ambient temperature 3: 75 percent / toluene / 1.5 h / Heating 4: 1.) KOH; 2.) AcOH / 1.) EtOH, room temp., 8 h; 2.) H2O View Scheme

1: 75 percent / toluene / 1.5 h / Heating 2: 1.) KOH; 2.) AcOH / 1.) EtOH, room temp., 8 h; 2.) H2O View Scheme

trichlorophosphate 1.5 h; Heating;

potassium hydroxide; acetic acid 1.) EtOH, room temp., 8 h; 2.) H2O; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

(i) NaOMe, MeOH, (ii) aq. AcOH; Multistep reaction;

2: (i) NaOMe, MeOH, (ii) aq. AcOH View Scheme