1.1: ethanol; sodium tetrahydroborate / tetrahydrofuran / 1.5 h / 20 °C / cooling with ice 1.2: 1 h / pH 4 2.1: trichlorophosphate / 0.83 h / cooling with ice 2.2: 2.58 h / 50 °C 3.1: hydroxylamine hydrochloride; pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 50 °C 3.2: 3.5 h / 50 °C / Reflux 4.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / methanol / 1 h / 40 °C / 750.08 Torr 5.1: water; acetone / 3.25 h / 20 °C / Reflux 6.1: sodium carbonate / water / pH 8 - 9 View Scheme

1.1: ethanol; sodium tetrahydroborate / tetrahydrofuran / 1.5 h / 20 °C / cooling with ice 1.2: 1 h / pH 4 2.1: trichlorophosphate / 0.83 h / cooling with ice 2.2: 2.58 h / 50 °C 3.1: hydroxylamine hydrochloride; pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 50 °C 3.2: 3.5 h / 50 °C / Reflux 4.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / methanol / 1 h / 40 °C / 750.08 Torr 5.1: water; acetone / 3.25 h / 20 °C / Reflux 6.1: sodium carbonate / water / pH 8 - 9 7.1: sodium carbonate / ethanol; tert-butyl alcohol / 42 h / 50 - 90 °C 8.1: sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 1.25 h / 20 °C / cooling with ice View Scheme

1.1: ethanol; sodium tetrahydroborate / tetrahydrofuran / 1.5 h / 20 °C / cooling with ice 1.2: 1 h / pH 4 2.1: trichlorophosphate / 0.83 h / cooling with ice 2.2: 2.58 h / 50 °C 3.1: hydroxylamine hydrochloride; pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 50 °C 3.2: 3.5 h / 50 °C / Reflux View Scheme

1.1: ethanol; sodium tetrahydroborate / tetrahydrofuran / 1.5 h / 20 °C / cooling with ice 1.2: 1 h / pH 4 2.1: trichlorophosphate / 0.83 h / cooling with ice 2.2: 2.58 h / 50 °C 3.1: hydroxylamine hydrochloride; pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 50 °C 3.2: 3.5 h / 50 °C / Reflux 4.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / methanol / 1 h / 40 °C / 750.08 Torr 5.1: water; acetone / 3.25 h / 20 °C / Reflux 6.1: sodium carbonate / water / pH 8 - 9 7.1: sodium carbonate / ethanol; tert-butyl alcohol / 42 h / 50 - 90 °C 8.1: sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 1.25 h / 20 °C / cooling with ice 9.1: sodium hydroxide; dihydrogen peroxide / water; dimethyl sulfoxide / 2.25 h / 20 - 25 °C View Scheme

1.1: sodium tetrahydroborate; potassium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water / -10 - 20 °C 2.1: trichlorophosphate / 0 - 50 °C 2.2: |Cooling with ice 3.1: hydroxylamine hydrochloride; pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / 50 °C 3.2: 2 h / 80 °C 4.1: platinum on carbon; hydrogen / ethyl acetate / 25 - 30 °C / 6000.6 - 7500.75 Torr / |Autoclave 5.1: acetone; water / 25 - 65 °C / |Resolution of racemate View Scheme