1: (i) EtOH, (ii) KOH 2: aq. KOH / ethanol / 3 h / Heating 3: H2, aq. HCl / Pd-C / ethanol View Scheme

1: 77 percent / triethylamine / dimethylformamide / 3 h / Ambient temperature 2: 86 percent / concd HCl / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 3: 67 percent / triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 20 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

With  sodium sulfide; N-hexadecyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide 24 h;