hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal in methanol P=760 Torr; 24 h; Ambient temperature;

1: 65 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid / toluene / 40 h / Heating 2: 2) conc. HCl / 1) benzene, reflux, 35 h, 2) H2O, warming, 30 min 3: 94 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd-C / methanol / 24 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature View Scheme

2,2'-azo-bisisobutyronitrile; tri-n-butyl-tin hydride in toluene 1 h; Heating;

1: 2) conc. HCl / 1) benzene, reflux, 35 h, 2) H2O, warming, 30 min 2: 94 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd-C / methanol / 24 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature View Scheme

hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal Multistep reaction;

potassium hydroxide in methanol; water 3 h; Heating;