1: With ozone in ethyl acetate T=-78°C; 0.5 h; 2: With hydrogenchloride T=100°C; 15 h;

1: With tetrabutylammomium bromide; [Me2N]3P=NP(=NEt)[NMe2]2 in dichloromethane T=-78°C; Michael addition; 0.0833333 h; 2: With lithium hydroxide in tetrahydrofuran; water T=20°C; 0.166667 h; 3: With hydrogenchloride in ethanol; water 24 h; Heating; Title compound not separated from byproducts;

sodium hydroxide in methanol T=80°C; 3 h;

1.1: 95 percent / sodium formate dihydrate / ethanol / Heating 2.1: 92 percent / trifluoromethanesulfonic acid / cyclohexane; CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 3.1: 93 percent / potassium hydroxide / methanol; H2O / 20 °C 4.1: sodium hydroxide / toluene / Heating 5.1: methanol / 6 h / 0 °C 6.1: hydrogen chloride / methanol / 0 - 20 °C 6.2: p-toluenesulfonic acid / xylene / 200 - 210 °C 7.1: potassium hydroxide / methanol / 2 h / Heating 8.1: lithium; liquid ammonia / ethanol; tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / -40 °C 9.1: hydrochloric acid / H2O / Heating View Scheme

1.1: 92 percent / trifluoromethanesulfonic acid / cyclohexane; CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 2.1: 93 percent / potassium hydroxide / methanol; H2O / 20 °C 3.1: sodium hydroxide / toluene / Heating 4.1: methanol / 6 h / 0 °C 5.1: hydrogen chloride / methanol / 0 - 20 °C 5.2: p-toluenesulfonic acid / xylene / 200 - 210 °C 6.1: potassium hydroxide / methanol / 2 h / Heating 7.1: lithium; liquid ammonia / ethanol; tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / -40 °C 8.1: hydrochloric acid / H2O / Heating View Scheme

1.1: sodium hydroxide / toluene / Heating 2.1: methanol / 6 h / 0 °C 3.1: hydrogen chloride / methanol / 0 - 20 °C 3.2: p-toluenesulfonic acid / xylene / 200 - 210 °C 4.1: potassium hydroxide / methanol / 2 h / Heating 5.1: lithium; liquid ammonia / ethanol; tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / -40 °C 6.1: hydrochloric acid / H2O / Heating View Scheme

1.1: 93 percent / potassium hydroxide / methanol; H2O / 20 °C 2.1: sodium hydroxide / toluene / Heating 3.1: methanol / 6 h / 0 °C 4.1: hydrogen chloride / methanol / 0 - 20 °C 4.2: p-toluenesulfonic acid / xylene / 200 - 210 °C 5.1: potassium hydroxide / methanol / 2 h / Heating 6.1: lithium; liquid ammonia / ethanol; tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / -40 °C 7.1: hydrochloric acid / H2O / Heating View Scheme

1: potassium hydroxide / methanol / 2 h / Heating 2: lithium; liquid ammonia / ethanol; tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / -40 °C 3: hydrochloric acid / H2O / Heating View Scheme

1: With hydrogenchloride; water 72 h; Reflux; 2: With methyloxirane in ethanol 1 h; Reflux;