1.1: 97 percent / benzene / 8 h / Heating 2.1: 10.95 g / LiHMDS / tetrahydrofuran / 0.67 h / 55 °C 3.1: oxalyl chloride; DMSO; DIPEA / CH2Cl2 / -78 - 20 °C 4.1: KHMDS; 18-crown-6 / tetrahydrofuran / 0.25 h 4.2: 5.45 g / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / -78 °C 5.1: 98 percent / DIBALH / tetrahydrofuran; heptane / 2.5 h / 0 °C 6.1: Ph3P; imidazole; I2 / acetonitrile; diethyl ether / 1 h / 20 °C 7.1: 18-crown-6; KHMDS / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / -78 °C 7.2: 93 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / -78 °C View Scheme

tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; caesium carbonate in dichloromethane Condensation; oxidation;

1.1: 97 percent / benzene / 8 h / Heating 2.1: 10.95 g / LiHMDS / tetrahydrofuran / 0.67 h / 55 °C 3.1: oxalyl chloride; DMSO; DIPEA / CH2Cl2 / -78 - 20 °C 4.1: KHMDS; 18-crown-6 / tetrahydrofuran / 0.25 h 4.2: 5.45 g / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / -78 °C 5.1: 98 percent / DIBALH / tetrahydrofuran; heptane / 2.5 h / 0 °C 6.1: Ph3P; imidazole; I2 / acetonitrile; diethyl ether / 1 h / 20 °C 7.1: 18-crown-6; KHMDS / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / -78 °C 7.2: 93 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / -78 °C 8.1: 65 percent / Na2HPO4; Na-Hg amalgam / methanol; tetrahydrofuran / -15 - 20 °C 9.1: 99 percent / CSA / methanol; CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 0 - 10 °C 10.1: Dess-Martin periodinane; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 4 h / 20 °C 11.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / -78 - -35 °C 11.2: tetrahydrofuran / 1.5 h / -95 - -80 °C 12.1: 99 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 0 °C 13.1: 87 percent / CSA / methanol; CH2Cl2 / 4 h / 0 °C View Scheme

1.1: 86 percent / 6 h / 160 °C 2.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 1 h / -78 °C 2.2: 86 percent / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 12 h / -78 - 20 °C 3.1: (1R)-(+)-pinene; BH3*DMS / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 20 °C 3.2: 78 percent / lithium hydroxide; sodium perborate / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 2 h / 20 °C 4.1: 94 percent / oxalyl chloride; DMSO; triethylamine / CH2Cl2 / -78 - 0 °C 5.1: diisopropylamine; n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 1.25 h / -78 - -40 °C 5.2: 59 percent / ZnCl2 / tetrahydrofuran; hexane; diethyl ether / 0.25 h / -78 °C 6.1: pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 7.1: CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 20 °C 8.1: 0.67 g / acetic acid / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 3 h / 0 °C 9.1: 72 percent / magnesium bromide; nitromethane; 1-butanethiol / diethyl ether / 1 h / 20 °C 10.1: 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride; triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 °C 10.2: 0.14 g / DMAP / toluene; tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / 20 °C 11.1: 92 percent / zinc; ammonium chloride / methanol / 0.33 h / Heating 12.1: 95 percent / hydrogen fluoride-pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / 20 °C 13.1: 30 percent / m-CPBA / CHCl3 / 5 h / -10 - 0 °C View Scheme

hydrogenchloride in water

1: 2 h / 150 - 180 °C 2: aq. N2H4 View Scheme

1.1: 86 percent / 6 h / 160 °C 2.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 1 h / -78 °C 2.2: 86 percent / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 12 h / -78 - 20 °C 3.1: (1R)-(+)-pinene; BH3*DMS / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 20 °C 3.2: 78 percent / lithium hydroxide; sodium perborate / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 2 h / 20 °C 4.1: 94 percent / oxalyl chloride; DMSO; triethylamine / CH2Cl2 / -78 - 0 °C 5.1: diisopropylamine; n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 1.25 h / -78 - -40 °C 5.2: 59 percent / ZnCl2 / tetrahydrofuran; hexane; diethyl ether / 0.25 h / -78 °C 6.1: pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 7.1: CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 20 °C 8.1: 0.67 g / acetic acid / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 3 h / 0 °C 9.1: 72 percent / magnesium bromide; nitromethane; 1-butanethiol / diethyl ether / 1 h / 20 °C 10.1: 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride; triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 °C 10.2: 0.14 g / DMAP / toluene; tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / 20 °C 11.1: 92 percent / zinc; ammonium chloride / methanol / 0.33 h / Heating 12.1: 95 percent / hydrogen fluoride-pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / 20 °C View Scheme

T=25°C; 1 h;

in dimethyl sulfoxide

in toluene