(1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride; potassium acetate in dimethyl sulfoxide T=80°C; 5.5 h;

in toluene Reflux;

1: 41 percent / 1,10-phenanthroline; copper(I) chloride; potassium hydroxide / xylene; toluene / 48 h / Heating 2: 93 percent / potassium acetate; Pd(dppf)Cl2 / dimethylsulfoxide / 5.5 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1: 41 percent / 1,10-phenanthroline; copper(I) chloride; potassium hydroxide / xylene; toluene / 48 h / Heating 2: 93 percent / potassium acetate; Pd(dppf)Cl2 / dimethylsulfoxide / 5.5 h / 80 °C View Scheme

sodium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) in ethanol; benzene T=85°C; Suzuki coupling; 3.5 h;