potassium permanganate; sodium hydroxide in 1,4-dioxane; water T=80°C; 2 h;

1: With sodium hydroxide; water in tetrahydrofuran; methanol T=20°C; 15 h; 2: With hydrogenchloride in tetrahydrofuran; methanol; water pH=3;

1.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / water / 0.25 h / 0 - 5 °C 1.2: 0.5 h / 60 - 65 °C 2.1: sodium hydroxide; potassium permanganate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 2 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1.1: nitric acid / sulfuric acid / 0.5 h / 0 - 5 °C 2.1: SnCl2·2H2O / hydrogenchloride / 0.25 h / 0 - 65 °C 3.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / water / 0.25 h / 0 - 5 °C 3.2: 0.5 h / 60 - 65 °C 4.1: sodium hydroxide; potassium permanganate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 2 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1.1: AlCl3, aluminium chloride / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 0.5 h / -5 - 0 °C 2.1: nitric acid / sulfuric acid / 0.5 h / 0 - 5 °C 3.1: SnCl2·2H2O / hydrogenchloride / 0.25 h / 0 - 65 °C 4.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / water / 0.25 h / 0 - 5 °C 4.2: 0.5 h / 60 - 65 °C 5.1: sodium hydroxide; potassium permanganate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 2 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1.1: SnCl2·2H2O / hydrogenchloride / 0.25 h / 0 - 65 °C 2.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / water / 0.25 h / 0 - 5 °C 2.2: 0.5 h / 60 - 65 °C 3.1: sodium hydroxide; potassium permanganate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 2 h / 80 °C View Scheme

triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran T=0 - 20°C; 1 h;