1: 2-methyl propanoic acid With sodium hydride; diisopropylamine in tetrahydrofuran T=20°C; 0.25 h; Inert atmosphereReflux; 2: With n-butyllithium in tetrahydrofuran; hexane T=0 - 35°C; 0.833333 h; Inert atmosphere; 3: 2-(phenyl)ethyl bromide in tetrahydrofuran; hexane T=0 - 35°C; 1.5 h; Inert atmosphere;

water; sodium hydroxide in methanol T=80°C; 18 h; Inert atmosphere;

2: palladium/charcoal; acetic acid / Hydrogenation View Scheme

palladium on activated charcoal; acetic acid Hydrogenation;

2: palladium/charcoal; acetic acid / Hydrogenation View Scheme

1: H2 / Pd-C / dioxane 2: KOH / ethanol / Heating View Scheme

1.1: n-butyllithium; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0.5 h / -78 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: 18 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / -78 - -10 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.2: 0.78 h / -78 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: water; sodium hydroxide / methanol / 18 h / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / -78 - -10 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: 0.78 h / -78 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: water; sodium hydroxide / methanol / 18 h / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

hydrogenchloride; amalgamated zinc

potassium hydroxide