1: COCl2, DMF / CH2Cl2 / Ambient temperature 2: CH2Cl2 / Ambient temperature 3: SOCl2 / CHCl3 / Ambient temperature 4: 1) lithium diisopropylamide, 2) hexachloroacetone / 1) THF, -78 deg C, 2) up to room temp. View Scheme

1: COCl2, DMF / CH2Cl2 / Ambient temperature 2: CH2Cl2 / Ambient temperature 3: SOCl2 / CHCl3 / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: COCl2, DMF / CH2Cl2 / Ambient temperature 2: CH2Cl2 / Ambient temperature 3: SOCl2 / CHCl3 / Ambient temperature 4: 1) lithium diisopropylamide / 1) THF, -78 deg C, 30 min, 2) up to room temp. 5: 1) lithium diisopropylamide / 1) THF, 0 deg C, 30 min, 2) up to room temp. 6: 99 percent / CsF, H2O / dimethylformamide / Ambient temperature 7: 61 percent / 6 N HCl / Heating 8: COCl2, DMF / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / Ambient temperature 9: 1) n-BuLi, bipyridyl / 1) THF, -35 -> -5 deg C, 2) THF, -78 deg C, 1 h 10: 98 percent / acetic anhydride / 3 h / Heating 11: ethanol / a) 5 - 15 deg C, 90 min, b) 2 h , room temp. 12: 1) 60percent NaH, 2) 6 M HCl / 1) THF, room temp., 2) reflux, 3 h View Scheme

1: lithium hexamethyldisilazane / tetrahydrofuran / 4.5 h / -13 - -5 °C 2: oxalyl dichloride / dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 19 h / 20 °C 3: ammonia / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 20 °C View Scheme

1: 1.) (COCl)2, 2.) C3H7MgCl / 1.) CH2Cl2, DMF, 2.) THF 2: 1.) Ac2O / 2.) Et2O 3: NaH / tetrahydrofuran 4: 6 M HCl View Scheme

1: oxalyl dichloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; dichloromethane / 24 h 2: triethylamine / toluene / 5 h / 90 °C 3: diethyl ether; ethanol / 3 h / 25 °C 4: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 5 h / 90 °C View Scheme