in dimethyl sulfoxide T=100°C;

indium; water 11 h; ultrasound;

sodium hydride in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=0 - 20°C; 4 h;

1: 95 percent / KOH / dimethylformamide / 24 h 2: 99 percent / t-BuOK / ethanol / Heating 3: 78 percent / acetyl chloride / 18 h / Heating 4: 20 percent / tris(trimethylsilyl)silane; AIBN / toluene / Heating View Scheme

tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); caesium carbonate in tetrahydrofuran; water T=60°C; 48 h;