1.1: 78 percent / mercaptoacetic acid; LiOH / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 25 °C 2.1: acetonitrile / 4 h / 25 °C 3.1: 0.24 g / NaIO4; RuCl3 / CCl4; acetonitrile; H2O / 3 h / 25 °C 4.1: 96 percent / DBU / benzene / 40 h / 70 °C 5.1: HCO2H / tetrahydrofuran / 45 h / 60 °C 5.2: 65 percent / LiAlH4 / tetrahydrofuran / 12 h / 25 °C View Scheme