formic acid; palladium 10 on activated carbon in tetrahydrofuran; water

Pichia pastoris formate dehydrogease; Thermoactinomyces intermedius leucine dehydrogenase; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; ammonium formate; sodium hydroxide; threo-1,4-dimercapto-2,3-butanediol in water T=40°C; pH=8; Enzymatic reaction;

hydrogenchloride in methanol 8 h; Heating;

potassium hydroxide; porcine kidney acylase I pH 7.5-8.0;

1.1: 93 percent / Zn / acetic acid / 0.5 h / 20 - 30 °C 2.1: SOCl2 / methanol / 20 h / 20 °C 3.1: K2CO3; NH2OH*HCl / dioxane; H2O / 12 h / 20 °C 3.2: 18.5 g / 3-dimethylaminopropylamine / dioxane; H2O / 1 h / 20 °C 4.1: 43 percent / McIlvaine's buffer cont. EDTA; thiothreitol / papain (from Carica papaya) / acetonitrile; dimethylformamide / 36 h / 20 °C / pH 6.2 / Enzymatic reaction 5.1: 81 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 8 h / Heating View Scheme

1.1: 74 percent / KMnO4; Na2CO3 / H2O / 50 h / 50 °C 2.1: 99 percent / NH2OH*HCl / H2O / 0.33 h / 45 °C 3.1: 93 percent / Zn / acetic acid / 0.5 h / 20 - 30 °C 4.1: SOCl2 / methanol / 20 h / 20 °C 5.1: K2CO3; NH2OH*HCl / dioxane; H2O / 12 h / 20 °C 5.2: 18.5 g / 3-dimethylaminopropylamine / dioxane; H2O / 1 h / 20 °C 6.1: 43 percent / McIlvaine's buffer cont. EDTA; thiothreitol / papain (from Carica papaya) / acetonitrile; dimethylformamide / 36 h / 20 °C / pH 6.2 / Enzymatic reaction 7.1: 81 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 8 h / Heating View Scheme

1.1: SOCl2 / methanol / 20 h / 20 °C 2.1: K2CO3; NH2OH*HCl / dioxane; H2O / 12 h / 20 °C 2.2: 18.5 g / 3-dimethylaminopropylamine / dioxane; H2O / 1 h / 20 °C 3.1: 43 percent / McIlvaine's buffer cont. EDTA; thiothreitol / papain (from Carica papaya) / acetonitrile; dimethylformamide / 36 h / 20 °C / pH 6.2 / Enzymatic reaction 4.1: 81 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 8 h / Heating View Scheme

1.1: K2CO3; NH2OH*HCl / dioxane; H2O / 12 h / 20 °C 1.2: 18.5 g / 3-dimethylaminopropylamine / dioxane; H2O / 1 h / 20 °C 2.1: 43 percent / McIlvaine's buffer cont. EDTA; thiothreitol / papain (from Carica papaya) / acetonitrile; dimethylformamide / 36 h / 20 °C / pH 6.2 / Enzymatic reaction 3.1: 81 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 8 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 43 percent / McIlvaine's buffer cont. EDTA; thiothreitol / papain (from Carica papaya) / acetonitrile; dimethylformamide / 36 h / 20 °C / pH 6.2 / Enzymatic reaction 2: 81 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 8 h / Heating View Scheme

1: DBU / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 2: 43 percent / McIlvaine's buffer cont. EDTA; thiothreitol / papain (from Carica papaya) / acetonitrile; dimethylformamide / 36 h / 20 °C / pH 6.2 / Enzymatic reaction 3: 81 percent / conc. HCl / methanol / 8 h / Heating View Scheme