ammonium formate; palladium on activated charcoal in ethanol T=70°C; 7 h;

hydrogen; nitric acid; palladium on activated charcoal 1.) from 0 deg C to 5 deg C, 3 h, 2.) ethyl acetate; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

1: 85 percent / potassium permanganate / H2O / 1 h / 80 °C 2: 72 percent / cc. nitric acid / 3 h / 0 - 2 °C 3: 93 percent / H2 / 10 percent Pd-C / ethanol / 6 h / 38000 Torr View Scheme

1: isopentyl nitrite, trifluoroacetic acid / tetrahydrofuran / 1.) 0 deg C, 2.) room temperature, 2 h 2: 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 3 h / 50 - 55 °C View Scheme

hydrogenchloride; methyloxirane; isopentyl nitrite 1.) abs. ethanol, 0 deg C, 10 min; 2.) 1,2-dichloroethane, reflux; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

1: 3,6-dimethoxyanthranilic acid With hydrogenchloride; isopentyl nitrite in diethyl ether; ethanol T=0°C; 0.166667 h; 2: acrylonitrile With methyloxirane in 1,2-dichloro-ethane 2 h; Heating;

1: 1.) cc. hydrochloric acid, 97 percent isoamyl nitrite; 2.) propylene oxide / 1.) abs. ethanol, 0 deg C, 10 min; 2.) 1,2-dichloroethane, reflux 2: 78 percent / Amberlyst 15 ion exchange resin / methanol / Ambient temperature 3: 36 percent / air / toluene / 96 h / Heating View Scheme