hydrogenchloride in tetrahydrofuran T=20°C; Hydrolysis; 2 h;

pyridine; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide; trifluoroacetic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide; benzene Ambient temperature;

mercury dichloride; mercury(II) oxide in methanol; water 2 h; Heating;

1: 98 percent / toluene / Heating 2: 83 percent / ethane-1,2-diol / 4 h / 180 °C 3: 76 percent / aq. HCl / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: 83 percent / ethane-1,2-diol / 4 h / 180 °C 2: 76 percent / aq. HCl / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: 90 percent / p-toluenesulphonic acid / acetic acid / 1 h / Ambient temperature 2: 95 percent / 2 M NaOH / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / Heating 3: 73 percent / pyridine, TFA, DCC / benzene; dimethylsulfoxide / Ambient temperature 4: Na2CO3 / ethanol; H2O / 1 h / Heating 5: acetic acid / 0.5 h / 100 °C 6: 65 percent / HgO, HgCl2 / methanol; H2O / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 73 percent / pyridine, TFA, DCC / benzene; dimethylsulfoxide / Ambient temperature 2: Na2CO3 / ethanol; H2O / 1 h / Heating 3: acetic acid / 0.5 h / 100 °C 4: 65 percent / HgO, HgCl2 / methanol; H2O / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: Na2CO3 / ethanol; H2O / 1 h / Heating 2: acetic acid / 0.5 h / 100 °C 3: 65 percent / HgO, HgCl2 / methanol; H2O / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 95 percent / 2 M NaOH / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / Heating 2: 73 percent / pyridine, TFA, DCC / benzene; dimethylsulfoxide / Ambient temperature 3: Na2CO3 / ethanol; H2O / 1 h / Heating 4: acetic acid / 0.5 h / 100 °C 5: 65 percent / HgO, HgCl2 / methanol; H2O / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1.1: magnesium sulfate / dichloromethane / 2 h / 20 °C 1.2: 4 h / 110 °C 2.1: trifluoroacetic acid / acetone / 24 h / 65 °C View Scheme