1: 87 percent / NaI / pyridine / 7.5 h 2: 88 percent / methanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature 3: 70 percent / NaH / toluene / 1.) room temperature, 30 min, 2.) reflux, 5 h 4: 78 percent / Na2CO3*H2O / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 16 h 5: 96 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / 1.) 0 deg C, 1 h, 2.) room temperature, 1.5 h 6: 80 percent / 0.67 h / 105 - 110 °C 7: 94 percent / Na2CO3, aq. H2O2 / H2O / 24 h / Ambient temperature 8: 96 percent / DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 12 h / Ambient temperature 9: 90 percent / TFA / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / Ambient temperature 10: 75 percent / NaBH3CN / acetonitrile / 1 h / Ambient temperature 11: 93 percent / NaNO2 / acetic acid; acetic anhydride / 1.) 0 deg C, 16 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h View Scheme

1: 85 percent / KHMDS / tetrahydrofuran / 6 h / -78 °C 2: 87 percent / NaI / pyridine / 7.5 h 3: 88 percent / methanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature 4: 70 percent / NaH / toluene / 1.) room temperature, 30 min, 2.) reflux, 5 h 5: 78 percent / Na2CO3*H2O / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 16 h 6: 96 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / 1.) 0 deg C, 1 h, 2.) room temperature, 1.5 h 7: 80 percent / 0.67 h / 105 - 110 °C 8: 94 percent / Na2CO3, aq. H2O2 / H2O / 24 h / Ambient temperature 9: 96 percent / DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 12 h / Ambient temperature 10: 90 percent / TFA / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / Ambient temperature 11: 75 percent / NaBH3CN / acetonitrile / 1 h / Ambient temperature 12: 93 percent / NaNO2 / acetic acid; acetic anhydride / 1.) 0 deg C, 16 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h View Scheme

1: 80 percent / 0.67 h / 105 - 110 °C 2: 94 percent / Na2CO3, aq. H2O2 / H2O / 24 h / Ambient temperature 3: 96 percent / DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 12 h / Ambient temperature 4: 90 percent / TFA / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / Ambient temperature 5: 75 percent / NaBH3CN / acetonitrile / 1 h / Ambient temperature 6: 93 percent / NaNO2 / acetic acid; acetic anhydride / 1.) 0 deg C, 16 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h View Scheme

1: 96 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / 1.) 0 deg C, 1 h, 2.) room temperature, 1.5 h 2: 80 percent / 0.67 h / 105 - 110 °C 3: 94 percent / Na2CO3, aq. H2O2 / H2O / 24 h / Ambient temperature 4: 96 percent / DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 12 h / Ambient temperature 5: 90 percent / TFA / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / Ambient temperature 6: 75 percent / NaBH3CN / acetonitrile / 1 h / Ambient temperature 7: 93 percent / NaNO2 / acetic acid; acetic anhydride / 1.) 0 deg C, 16 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h View Scheme

1: 90 percent / TFA / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / Ambient temperature 2: 75 percent / NaBH3CN / acetonitrile / 1 h / Ambient temperature 3: 93 percent / NaNO2 / acetic acid; acetic anhydride / 1.) 0 deg C, 16 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h View Scheme

1: 70 percent / NaH / toluene / 1.) room temperature, 30 min, 2.) reflux, 5 h 2: 78 percent / Na2CO3*H2O / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 16 h 3: 96 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / 1.) 0 deg C, 1 h, 2.) room temperature, 1.5 h 4: 80 percent / 0.67 h / 105 - 110 °C 5: 94 percent / Na2CO3, aq. H2O2 / H2O / 24 h / Ambient temperature 6: 96 percent / DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 12 h / Ambient temperature 7: 90 percent / TFA / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / Ambient temperature 8: 75 percent / NaBH3CN / acetonitrile / 1 h / Ambient temperature 9: 93 percent / NaNO2 / acetic acid; acetic anhydride / 1.) 0 deg C, 16 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h View Scheme

acetone

cocE-pIX Enzymatic reaction; Enzyme kinetics;

hydrogenchloride in water T=70 - 90°C; also in plasma and with other reagents <NaOH (at 15.1 - 39.7 deg C), acetate (at 80 -90 deg C), phosphate (at 30-90 deg C), or borate (at 30 deg C) buffers>; ΔHa, ΔS(excit.), Arrhenius parameters; Product distributionRate constantThermodynamic data;

T=37°C; various pH from 6.9 to 10.4; I=0.1 M; Rate constant;