1: 71 percent / conc. hydrochloric acid 2: 53 percent / 750 °C / 0 Torr 3: 63 percent / 400 °C / 760 Torr 4: 60 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 4 h, 2.) room temperature, 2 d 5: 100 percent / sodium borohydride / methanol; benzene / 2 h / Ambient temperature 6: 100 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / benzene / 1.) room temperature, 2 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 7: 40 percent / 700 °C / 0.01 Torr 8: 98 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 5 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h 9: 96 percent / lithium aluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 20 h / Ambient temperature 10: 93 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / 1.) room temperature, 21 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 11: 57 percent / 650 °C / 0.01 Torr 12: 7 percent / lithium, ethylamine, n-propylamine / 10 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 60 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 4 h, 2.) room temperature, 2 d 2: 100 percent / sodium borohydride / methanol; benzene / 2 h / Ambient temperature 3: 100 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / benzene / 1.) room temperature, 2 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 4: 40 percent / 700 °C / 0.01 Torr 5: 98 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 5 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h 6: 96 percent / lithium aluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 20 h / Ambient temperature 7: 93 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / 1.) room temperature, 21 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 8: 57 percent / 650 °C / 0.01 Torr 9: 7 percent / lithium, ethylamine, n-propylamine / 10 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 53 percent / 750 °C / 0 Torr 2: 63 percent / 400 °C / 760 Torr 3: 60 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 4 h, 2.) room temperature, 2 d 4: 100 percent / sodium borohydride / methanol; benzene / 2 h / Ambient temperature 5: 100 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / benzene / 1.) room temperature, 2 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 6: 40 percent / 700 °C / 0.01 Torr 7: 98 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 5 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h 8: 96 percent / lithium aluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 20 h / Ambient temperature 9: 93 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / 1.) room temperature, 21 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 10: 57 percent / 650 °C / 0.01 Torr 11: 7 percent / lithium, ethylamine, n-propylamine / 10 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 63 percent / 400 °C / 760 Torr 2: 60 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 4 h, 2.) room temperature, 2 d 3: 100 percent / sodium borohydride / methanol; benzene / 2 h / Ambient temperature 4: 100 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / benzene / 1.) room temperature, 2 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 5: 40 percent / 700 °C / 0.01 Torr 6: 98 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 5 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h 7: 96 percent / lithium aluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 20 h / Ambient temperature 8: 93 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / 1.) room temperature, 21 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 9: 57 percent / 650 °C / 0.01 Torr 10: 7 percent / lithium, ethylamine, n-propylamine / 10 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 98 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 5 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h 2: 96 percent / lithium aluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 20 h / Ambient temperature 3: 93 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / 1.) room temperature, 21 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 4: 57 percent / 650 °C / 0.01 Torr 5: 7 percent / lithium, ethylamine, n-propylamine / 10 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 100 percent / sodium borohydride / methanol; benzene / 2 h / Ambient temperature 2: 100 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / benzene / 1.) room temperature, 2 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 3: 40 percent / 700 °C / 0.01 Torr 4: 98 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 5 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h 5: 96 percent / lithium aluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 20 h / Ambient temperature 6: 93 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / 1.) room temperature, 21 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 7: 57 percent / 650 °C / 0.01 Torr 8: 7 percent / lithium, ethylamine, n-propylamine / 10 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 100 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / benzene / 1.) room temperature, 2 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 2: 40 percent / 700 °C / 0.01 Torr 3: 98 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 5 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h 4: 96 percent / lithium aluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 20 h / Ambient temperature 5: 93 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / 1.) room temperature, 21 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 6: 57 percent / 650 °C / 0.01 Torr 7: 7 percent / lithium, ethylamine, n-propylamine / 10 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 40 percent / 700 °C / 0.01 Torr 2: 98 percent / stannic chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.) 0 deg C, 5 h, 2.) room temperature, 8 h 3: 96 percent / lithium aluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 20 h / Ambient temperature 4: 93 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / 1.) room temperature, 21 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 5: 57 percent / 650 °C / 0.01 Torr 6: 7 percent / lithium, ethylamine, n-propylamine / 10 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 96 percent / lithium aluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 20 h / Ambient temperature 2: 93 percent / thionyl chloride, pyridine / 1.) room temperature, 21 h, 2.) reflux, 1 h 3: 57 percent / 650 °C / 0.01 Torr 4: 7 percent / lithium, ethylamine, n-propylamine / 10 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 94 percent / aq. 48percent hydrobromic acid / acetic acid / Ambient temperature 2: 1.) magnesium, 2.) anhydrous ferric chloride / 1.) tetrahydrofuran, reflux, 46 h, 2.) reflux, 24 h View Scheme