1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; sulfuric acid; lithium bromide; [PdBr2(PPh3)2] T=100°C; P=45003.6 Torr; 12 h; palladium-catalyzed amidocarbonylation of aromatic aldehydes; Product distribution;

lithium hydroxide in ethanol T=20°C; 20 h;

1: 100 percent / N-bromosuccinimide; benzoyl peroxide / CCl4 / 3 h / Heating 2: 82 percent / 15-crown-5; sodium azide / benzene / 8 h / 20 °C 3: 71 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate; hydrogen / Pd/C / aq. ethanol / 24 h / 20 °C / 5171.48 Torr 4: 80 percent / pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 8 h / 20 °C 5: 81 percent / LiOH*H2O / ethanol / 20 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: 82 percent / 15-crown-5; sodium azide / benzene / 8 h / 20 °C 2: 71 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate; hydrogen / Pd/C / aq. ethanol / 24 h / 20 °C / 5171.48 Torr 3: 80 percent / pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 8 h / 20 °C 4: 81 percent / LiOH*H2O / ethanol / 20 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: 71 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate; hydrogen / Pd/C / aq. ethanol / 24 h / 20 °C / 5171.48 Torr 2: 80 percent / pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 8 h / 20 °C 3: 81 percent / LiOH*H2O / ethanol / 20 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: 80 percent / pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 8 h / 20 °C 2: 81 percent / LiOH*H2O / ethanol / 20 h / 20 °C View Scheme

sodium hydroxide in ethanol 0.5 h; Heating; Yield given;

1: pyridine / CHCl3 / 1 h / 40 °C 2: aq. NaOH / ethanol / 0.5 h / Heating View Scheme

sodium hydroxide 1.) CHCl3, pyridine; 2.) EtOH, H2O, reflux; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

N-methyl-pyrrolidine; sulfuric acid; water; triphenylphosphine; lithium bromide; palladium (II) bromide 1.) 70 deg C, 2.) 60 bar, 120 deg C, 12 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;