1.1: 79 percent / NaOH / H2O; ethanol / 1 h / Heating 2.1: diethyl cyanophosphonate / dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2.2: Et3N / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 0 °C 3.1: 63 percent / 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane based Ni(II) complex; tetraethylammonium tosylate / dimethylformamide / 60 °C / Electrolysis View Scheme

sodium hydroxide in ethanol; water 1 h; Heating;