potassium hydroxide in methanol Yield given;

1: 85 percent / 85percent H3PO4 / 3 h / Ambient temperature 2: 92 percent / pyridine / Ambient temperature 3: 1.) BuLi, diisopropylamine / 1.) THF, hexane, -78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) -78 deg C, 2 h 4: 83 percent / trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) / Ambient temperature 5: 92 percent / Li, NH3 / tetrahydrofuran 6: 87 percent / KOH / H2O / 24 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 92 percent / pyridine / Ambient temperature 2: 1.) BuLi, diisopropylamine / 1.) THF, hexane, -78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) -78 deg C, 2 h 3: 83 percent / trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) / Ambient temperature 4: 92 percent / Li, NH3 / tetrahydrofuran 5: 87 percent / KOH / H2O / 24 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 92 percent / Li, NH3 / tetrahydrofuran 2: 87 percent / KOH / H2O / 24 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 1.) BuLi, diisopropylamine / 1.) THF, hexane, -78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) -78 deg C, 2 h 2: 83 percent / trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) / Ambient temperature 3: 92 percent / Li, NH3 / tetrahydrofuran 4: 87 percent / KOH / H2O / 24 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 83 percent / trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) / Ambient temperature 2: 92 percent / Li, NH3 / tetrahydrofuran 3: 87 percent / KOH / H2O / 24 h / Heating View Scheme

resolution of racemate via chiral HPLC;

Yield given. Multistep reaction;

Multistep reaction;