1: 94 percent / benzene / 4 h / Heating 2: 63 percent / 1.) Mg / tetrahydrofuran / 15 h / Ambient temperature 3: 53 percent / 6 N HCl (pH=4) / methanol / 48 h / Ambient temperature 4: 1.) diphenyldisulfide, Et3P 2.) 4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl, metallic lithium / 1.) THF, room temp., 16 h; 2.) THF, -60 deg C, 15 min, 0 deg C, 16 h View Scheme

1: 63 percent / 1.) Mg / tetrahydrofuran / 15 h / Ambient temperature 2: 53 percent / 6 N HCl (pH=4) / methanol / 48 h / Ambient temperature 3: 1.) diphenyldisulfide, Et3P 2.) 4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl, metallic lithium / 1.) THF, room temp., 16 h; 2.) THF, -60 deg C, 15 min, 0 deg C, 16 h View Scheme

1: 53 percent / 6 N HCl (pH=4) / methanol / 48 h / Ambient temperature 2: 1.) diphenyldisulfide, Et3P 2.) 4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl, metallic lithium / 1.) THF, room temp., 16 h; 2.) THF, -60 deg C, 15 min, 0 deg C, 16 h View Scheme

triethylsilane; trifluoroacetic acid

1: With trifluoroacetic acid 0.5 h; 2: With triethylsilane 24 h;

4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl; lithium; diphenyldisulfane; diethylphosphinoethane 1.) THF, room temp., 16 h; 2.) THF, -60 deg C, 15 min, 0 deg C, 16 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

D-glucose; (S)-imine reductase from Streptomyces sp. GF3546; NADPH in aq. phosphate buffer; N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=30°C; pH=7; 18 h; Enzymatic reaction; Kinetics; enantioselective reaction;

1: 25 percent / i-Pr2EtN; DMAP / tetrahydrofuran; toluene / 12 h / 20 °C 2: Et3SiH; aq. TFA View Scheme