1: 54 percent / POCl3 / 4 h / 100 °C 2: m-CPBA; TFA / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 5 - 20 °C 3: conc. HCl / methanol / 2 h View Scheme

1: m-CPBA; TFA / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 5 - 20 °C 2: conc. HCl / methanol / 2 h View Scheme

1: 62 percent / bromine / acetic acid / 4 h / Ambient temperature 2: 1) BuLi, 2) nitrobenzene / 1) THF, hexane, -60 deg C, 45 min, 2) THF, hexane, -196 to -60 deg C and 3.5 h at -60 deg C View Scheme

n-butyllithium; nitrobenzene 1) THF, hexane, -60 deg C, 45 min, 2) THF, hexane, -196 to -60 deg C and 3.5 h at -60 deg C; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

hydrogen bromide; chloroformic acid ethyl ester 1) toluene, reflux, 2 h, 2) 5 h, reflux; Yield given. Multistep reaction;