potassium hydroxide; hydrazine hydrate in various solvent(s) T=91 - 95°C;

1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride in tetrahydrofuran T=85°C; 18 h;

1: SnCl2, 7.5 N aq. HCl / acetic acid 2: 1.) NaNO2, aq. HCl, 2.) CuCl, aq. HCl / 2.) 0 deg C 3: 68 percent / KOH, 85percent hydrazine hydrate / various solvent(s) / 91 - 95 °C View Scheme

1: 1.) NaNO2, aq. HCl, 2.) CuCl, aq. HCl / 2.) 0 deg C 2: 68 percent / KOH, 85percent hydrazine hydrate / various solvent(s) / 91 - 95 °C View Scheme

1: HNO3 (d=1.5) / acetic acid / -10 - 0 °C 2: SnCl2, 7.5 N aq. HCl / acetic acid 3: 1.) NaNO2, aq. HCl, 2.) CuCl, aq. HCl / 2.) 0 deg C 4: 68 percent / KOH, 85percent hydrazine hydrate / various solvent(s) / 91 - 95 °C View Scheme