2: H2 / 20percent Pd(OH)2 on carbon / acetic acid / 36 h / Ambient temperature 3: Ag2CO3 / CHCl3 / Ambient temperature 4: 85 percent / 5percent HCl / acetone / Heating 5: 87 percent / KH / 3 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 1.) S8 / 1.) MeOH, 15 min, RT, 2.) MeOH, 17 h 2: 80 percent / t-butylnitrite, CuCl2 / acetonitrile / 1.5 h, RT; 65 deg C, 2.5 h 3: 66 percent / 5percent aq. HCl / dioxane / 18 h / 90 °C View Scheme

1: NH3 / methanol / 5 h / 100 °C 2: 31 percent / Ag2CO3 / CHCl3 / 72 h / 25 °C 3: 94 percent / 5percent aq. HCl / acetone / 15 h / Heating View Scheme

toluene-4-sulfonic acid

1: 80 percent / 5percent KOH / H2O / 6 h / Ambient temperature 2: 82 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid View Scheme