1: concentrated sulfuric acid; water 2: nitrous acid 3: HCl View Scheme

1.1: caesium carbonate / copper(l) chloride; N,N-dimethylaminoacetic acid / 1,4-dioxane / 110 - 115 °C 1.2: 5 h / 25 - 65 °C 2.1: hydrogenchloride / dichloromethane; water / pH 1.5 2.2: 0.75 h / 0 - 15 °C View Scheme

1.1: diisopropylamine; n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / -78 °C 1.2: tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 0 °C 2.1: potassium hydroxide / ethanol; H2O / 0 °C View Scheme

1.1: caesium carbonate / copper(l) chloride; N,N-dimethylaminoacetic acid / 1,4-dioxane / 110 - 115 °C 1.2: 5 h / 25 - 65 °C 2.1: hydrogenchloride / dichloromethane; water / pH 1.5 2.2: 0.75 h / 0 - 15 °C 3.1: potassium tert-butylate / toluene / 3 h / 20 °C 3.2: 3 h / 20 °C 4.1: phosphorous pentoxide; phosphoric acid / 96 h / 115 - 120 °C 5.1: formic acid; iodine; magnesium / toluene; methanol / 5 h / 20 - 40 °C 5.2: 5 - 10 °C / pH ~ 1 6.1: sodium tetrahydroborate / tetrahydrofuran / 0.25 h / 20 °C 6.2: 6 h / Reflux 6.3: 10 - 15 °C 7.1: isopropyl alcohol / 13.75 h / -10 - 65 °C View Scheme

1.1: caesium carbonate / copper(l) chloride; N,N-dimethylaminoacetic acid / 1,4-dioxane / 110 - 115 °C 1.2: 5 h / 25 - 65 °C 2.1: hydrogenchloride / dichloromethane; water / pH 1.5 2.2: 0.75 h / 0 - 15 °C 3.1: potassium tert-butylate / toluene / 3 h / 20 °C 3.2: 3 h / 20 °C 4.1: phosphorous pentoxide; phosphoric acid / 96 h / 115 - 120 °C View Scheme

N-bromosuccinmide; dibenzoyl peroxide in 1,2-dichloro-ethane 12 h; Sealed tubeReflux;

1.1: caesium carbonate / copper(l) chloride; N,N-dimethylaminoacetic acid / 1,4-dioxane / 110 - 115 °C 1.2: 5 h / 25 - 65 °C 2.1: hydrogenchloride / dichloromethane; water / pH 1.5 2.2: 0.75 h / 0 - 15 °C 3.1: potassium tert-butylate / toluene / 3 h / 20 °C 3.2: 3 h / 20 °C 4.1: phosphorous pentoxide; phosphoric acid / 96 h / 115 - 120 °C 5.1: formic acid; iodine; magnesium / toluene; methanol / 5 h / 20 - 40 °C 5.2: 5 - 10 °C / pH ~ 1 6.1: sodium tetrahydroborate / tetrahydrofuran / 0.25 h / 20 °C 6.2: 6 h / Reflux 6.3: 10 - 15 °C View Scheme

tert.-butylhydroperoxide; vanadium pillared montmorillonite catalyst (V-PILC) in methanol; 2,2,4-trimethylpentane T=70°C; 48 h;

sodium hydride in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=100°C; 0.333333 h;

1: methyl (2-chlorophenyl)acetate With lithium hexamethyldisilazane in tetrahydrofuran T=0°C; Inert atmosphere; 2: methyl iodide in tetrahydrofuran T=0 - 20°C; Inert atmosphere;