sodium carbonate in 1,4-dioxane Ambient temperature;

hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal in ethanol T=20°C; P=2068.65 Torr; 2 h;

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate; sodium carbonate in 1,4-dioxane; water T=0 - 20°C;

sodium carbonate Inert atmosphere;

potassium permanganate; sodium periodate; sodium carbonate in 1,4-dioxane; water T=20°C; 0.75 h;

1: DMAP; EDC-HCl / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C 2: H2 / Pd/C / ethyl acetate View Scheme

1: With lithium hydroxide hydrate in ethanol; water T=-10°C; pH=10; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water pH=3;

1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / methanol / 18 h / 20 °C 2: Na2CO3; NaIO4; KMnO4 / dioxane; H2O / 0.75 h / 20 °C View Scheme

piperidine 72 h; Ambient temperature;

1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / |Inert atmosphere 2: 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine / acetonitrile / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 3: diisobutylaluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 1 h / -78 °C / |Inert atmosphere 4: sodium tetrahydroborate / tetrahydrofuran; water / 0.5 h / 0 °C / |Inert atmosphere 5: 1H-imidazole; triphenylphosphine; iodine / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 6: cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate; sodium iodide / acetonitrile / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 7: neat (no solvent) / 2 h / 80 °C / |Inert atmosphere 8: tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); diethylamine; 1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ethane / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 9: potassium phosphate / chlorobenzene / 15 h / 90 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme