sulfuric acid in tetrahydrofuran 2 h; Ambient temperature;

sodium hydroxide in methanol T=23°C; 3 h;

1: 55 percent / SeO2 / CH2Cl2 / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 2: 72 percent / t-butyl hydroperoxide, (-)-diethyltartarate / CH2Cl2 / -23 deg C, 30 min, RT., 1 h 3: 60 percent / pyridine / 15 h / 5 °C 4: 88 percent / NaI / acetone / 3 h / Heating 5: 37 percent / NaBH3CN / tetrahydrofuran; hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide / 3 h / 60 °C 6: 96 percent / aq. H2SO4 / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 10 percent / NaH / dimethylformamide / 12 h / 20 °C 2: Rhodococcus ruber DSM 43338 / H2O; various solvent(s) / 216 h / pH 8.0 View Scheme

1: 73 percent / m-CPBA; K2CO3 / CH2Cl2 / 24 h / 0 °C 2: 10 percent / NaH / dimethylformamide / 12 h / 20 °C 3: Rhodococcus ruber DSM 43338 / H2O; various solvent(s) / 216 h / pH 8.0 View Scheme

1: 37 percent / NaBH3CN / tetrahydrofuran; hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide / 3 h / 60 °C 2: 96 percent / aq. H2SO4 / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 60 percent / pyridine 2: 88 percent / NaI / acetic anhydride 3: 37 percent / Na(BH3)CN 4: 70 percent / H2SO4 (0.1 N) / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

in ethanol; water T=29°C; 40 h; Aspergillus niger, phosphate buffer, pH 6; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

Rhodococcus ruber DSM 43338 in water pH=8.0; 216 h;

in dichloromethane T=0°C; 7 h; Irradiation;