1: H2, 1percent aq. NaOH / Pd/C / H2O / Ambient temperature 2: 1.) NaNO2, HCl 3: 1.) SnCl2, conc. HCl; 2.) 2.5percent HCl / 1.) 15 h; 2.) reflux, 5 min 4: p.toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / Heating 5: Na / various solvent(s) / Heating 6: 70 percent / NaOH / ethanol / Heating 7: 55 percent / neat (no solvent) / Heating View Scheme

in neat (no solvent) Heating;

1: p.toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / Heating 2: Na / various solvent(s) / Heating 3: 70 percent / NaOH / ethanol / Heating 4: 55 percent / neat (no solvent) / Heating View Scheme

1: 1.) NaNO2, HCl 2: 1.) SnCl2, conc. HCl; 2.) 2.5percent HCl / 1.) 15 h; 2.) reflux, 5 min 3: p.toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / Heating 4: Na / various solvent(s) / Heating 5: 70 percent / NaOH / ethanol / Heating 6: 55 percent / neat (no solvent) / Heating View Scheme

1: Na / various solvent(s) / Heating 2: 70 percent / NaOH / ethanol / Heating 3: 55 percent / neat (no solvent) / Heating View Scheme

1: 70 percent / NaOH / ethanol / Heating 2: 55 percent / neat (no solvent) / Heating View Scheme

1: 1.) SnCl2, conc. HCl; 2.) 2.5percent HCl / 1.) 15 h; 2.) reflux, 5 min 2: p.toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / Heating 3: Na / various solvent(s) / Heating 4: 70 percent / NaOH / ethanol / Heating 5: 55 percent / neat (no solvent) / Heating View Scheme

1: p.toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / Heating 2: Na / various solvent(s) / Heating 3: 70 percent / NaOH / ethanol / Heating 4: 55 percent / neat (no solvent) / Heating View Scheme

sulfur in neat (no solvent) T=260°C; 0.5 h;