potassium phosphate; Ni(PPh3)4 in toluene T=60°C; 16 h;

1.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 55 - 80 °C 1.2: 80 °C 2.1: sodium hydroxide; water / tert-butyl methyl ether / 20 - 40 °C 3.1: benzenesulfonyl chloride; triethylamine / toluene / 80 °C 4.1: AlCl3, aluminium chloride / dichloromethane / 20 - 30 °C / |Inert atmosphere 5.1: caesium carbonate; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0); di-tert-butyl(2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine / 1,4-dioxane / 24 h / |Inert atmosphere; |Sealed tube; |Reflux View Scheme

water; formamide T=150°C;

1: KF / 100 - 110 °C 2: aq. Ba(OH)2 View Scheme

1: sodium ethoxide / benzene / 5 h / 60 - 65 °C 2: aq.NaOH / 3 h / 75 - 80 °C 3: 3 h / 200 - 220 °C View Scheme

1: 71 percent / NaH / dimethylformamide / 18 h / 20 - 50 °C 2: 88 percent / Bu3SnCl; AIBN / toluene / 3 h / Heating View Scheme

acetone; sodium iodide

1: 95 percent / NaH / dimethylformamide / 0 - 20 °C 2: 5.15 g / m-CPBA / CHCl3; CH2Cl2 / 20 h / -20 - 20 °C 3: 100 percent / Bu3SnH; AIBN / benzene / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

T=185°C;

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