in tetrachloromethane byproducts: benzyl chloride; dissolving (C6H5CH2)2(C4H9)2Sn in CCl4, injecting Cl2 gas (0.05 mole/min), keeping the temp. under 40°C by water cooling; removing the solvent, treating with Na2CO3 in an ether-water mixture to seperate Bu2SnCl2 from benzyl chloride;

in toluene addn. of HCl gas to a soln. of (C6H5CH2)2(C4H9)2Sn in toluene at 100°C for 4 h;

in tetrachloromethane byproducts: benzyl bromide; dissolving (C6H5CH2)2(C4H9)2Sn in CCl4, successive addn. of Br2 (molar ratio = 1:2) at ambient temp.; removing the solvent, treating with Na2CO3 in an ether-water mixture to seperate Bu2SnBr2 from benzyl bromide;

Zn; NH4Cl in tetrahydrofuran; water air; addn. of organotin (1 equiv.) to suspension of Zn-powder (4 equivs.) in satd. soln. of NH4Cl in H2O:THF, dropwise addn. of benzyl bromide (4 equivs.) with rate maintaining gentle reflux, stirring with cooling toroom temp. for 30 min; sepn. of org. layer, evapn., distillation (vac.);

Zn; NH4Cl in tetrahydrofuran; water air; addn. of organotin (1 equiv.) to suspension of Zn-powder (6 equivs.) in satd. soln. of NH4Cl in H2O:THF, dropwise addn. of benzyl bromide (6 equivs.) with rate maintaining gentle reflux, stirring with cooling toroom temp. for 30 min; sepn. of org. layer, evapn., distillation (vac.); elem. anal.;

Zn; NH4Cl in tetrahydrofuran; water air; addn. of organotin (1 equiv.) to suspension of Zn-powder (1-2 equivs.) in satd. soln. of NH4Cl in H2O:THF, dropwise addn. of benzyl bromide(1-2 equivs.) with rate maintaining gentle reflux, stirring with coolin g to room temp. for 30 min;

NaCl in dichloromethane byproducts: AlCl3*NaCl, (C4H9)4Sn, (C6H5CH2)(C4H9)3Sn; further byproducts: (C6H5CH2)3(C4H9)Sn, (C6H5CH2)4Sn; react. under N2, heating NaCl and Bu3Al (120°C, 30 min) with stirring, cooling, successive addn. of (C6H5CH2)2SnCl2, stirring at a temp. not higher than 30°C or at 130°C for 1 h; hydrolysis of the liq. with Ca(OH)2, filtration on a glass frit, yield at 20°C: 80 percent, yield at 130°C: >99 percent;

1: toluene 2: dichloromethane View Scheme

in dichloromethane Kinetics; byproducts: AlCl3; react. under N2, cooling a soln. of (C6H5CH2)2SnCl2 in CH2Cl2, addn. of (C4H9)3Al via syringe (molar ratio = 3:2); hydrolysis with CH2Cl2 satd. with water and then with 1 N HCl, decanting the org. layer, drying, evapn. under vac., incomplete react.;

in neat (no solvent) addn. of HCl gas to pure dibenzyldibutyltin at 100°C;