1: bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride; sodium carbonate / tetrahydrofuran; water / 20 - 80 °C / |Schlenk technique; |Inert atmosphere 2: sodium hydroxide; water / tetrahydrofuran / 80 °C View Scheme

sulfuric acid 20 h; Heating;

1: nitric acid / 110 - 115 °C / im Druckrohr 2: HCl View Scheme

1: copper powder / 200 °C 2: sulfuric acid View Scheme

sodium dithionite in tetrahydrofuran; methanol; water 3 h;