tert.-butylhydroperoxide; iron(II) sulfate in water T=10 - 20°C; 0.25 h;

hydrogenchloride; 2-oxo-propionic acid in ethanol 6 h; Heating;

(NH4)2S2O8; silver nitrate in water T=50°C; 1.5 h;

1: 96 percent / hydrogen/conc. ammonia / 5percent palladium charcoal / methanol 2: 79 percent / propyl nitrite, HCl / ethanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature 3: 81 percent / pyruvic acid, conc. HCl / aq. ethanol / 6 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 85 percent / phosphoryl chloride / 3 h / Heating 2: 96 percent / hydrogen/conc. ammonia / 5percent palladium charcoal / methanol 3: 79 percent / propyl nitrite, HCl / ethanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature 4: 81 percent / pyruvic acid, conc. HCl / aq. ethanol / 6 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 70 percent / conc. HCl / ethanol / 48 h / Heating 2: 85 percent / phosphoryl chloride / 3 h / Heating 3: 96 percent / hydrogen/conc. ammonia / 5percent palladium charcoal / methanol 4: 79 percent / propyl nitrite, HCl / ethanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature 5: 81 percent / pyruvic acid, conc. HCl / aq. ethanol / 6 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 79 percent / propyl nitrite, HCl / ethanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature 2: 81 percent / pyruvic acid, conc. HCl / aq. ethanol / 6 h / Heating View Scheme

potassium hydroxide; hydrazine hydrate 1.) diethyleneglycol, reflux, 2 h 2.) diethyleneglycol, 160 deg C, 1 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;