1: With hydrogenchloride; hydrogen; nickel in ethanol; water P=2585.81 Torr; 18 h; Parr hydrogenation apparatus; 2: in water pH=8 - 9;

1: nitroacetic acid ethyl ester With titanium tetrachloride in tetrahydrofuran T=0°C; 0.0833333 h; 2: tetrahydro-pyran-4-one With 4-methyl-morpholine in tetrahydrofuran T=20°C; 18 h; 3: With hydrogenchloride; hydrogen; nickel in ethanol P=2585.74 Torr; 18 h;

hydrogenchloride 0.5 h;

1.1: diisopropylamine; aq. n-Buli / tetrahydrofuran / 0.75 h / 78 °C 1.2: 22 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 2.1: 91 percent / aq. HCl / 0.5 h View Scheme