1: 92 percent / trifluoromethanesulfonic acid / cyclohexane; CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 2: 93 percent / potassium hydroxide / methanol; H2O / 20 °C View Scheme

in various solvent(s) T=30°C; pig liver esterase, pH 7.5;

1.1: 92 percent / trifluoromethanesulfonic acid / cyclohexane; CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 2.1: 93 percent / potassium hydroxide / methanol; H2O / 20 °C 3.1: sodium hydroxide / toluene / Heating 4.1: methanol / 6 h / 0 °C 5.1: hydrogen chloride / methanol / 0 - 20 °C 5.2: p-toluenesulfonic acid / xylene / 200 - 210 °C 6.1: potassium hydroxide / methanol / 2 h / Heating 7.1: lithium; liquid ammonia / ethanol; tetrahydrofuran / 0.08 h / -40 °C 8.1: hydrochloric acid / H2O / Heating View Scheme