1: (3-bromopropyl)triphenylphosphinium bromide With potassium tert-butylate in tetrahydrofuran T=70°C; 2 h; 2: 3-phenyl-propionaldehyde in tetrahydrofuran 2 h; Heating;

lithium diisopropyl amide in tetrahydrofuran

1: 3-bromopropyltriphenylphosphonium bromide With potassium tert-butylate in tetrahydrofuran 2.5 h; Reflux; 2: 4-phenyl-butyraldehyde in tetrahydrofuran T=65°C;

carbon monoxide; platinum (II) chloride in toluene T=80°C; P=760 Torr;