1: 53 percent / arsenic pentoxide; H2SO4 / 2 h / 150 °C 2: 98 percent / NH3 / ethanol / 22 h / 160 °C 3: 90 percent / H2 / Pd/C / ethanol / 3.5 h / 20 - 25 °C / 2280 Torr View Scheme

1: 58 percent / arsenic pentoxide hydrate; sulfuric acid / 3 h / 150 °C 2: 60 percent / methylhydrazine / ethanol / 65 h / 100 °C 3: 86 percent / arsenic pentoxide hydrate; sulfuric acid / 2 h / 150 °C 4: 54 percent / hydrazine monohydrate / Pd/C / ethanol / 2.5 h / Heating View Scheme

sulfuric acid T=100°C; Hydrolysis; 2 h;

1: With sulfuric acid; potassium nitrate T=2 - 5°C; 4 h; 2: With sulfuric acid T=100 - 110°C; 2 h;

sulfuric acid; potassium nitrate T=0 - 10°C; Nitration; 4 h; Further byproducts given;

1.1: 98 percent / 20 °C 2.1: sulfuric acid; potassium nitrate / 4 h / 2 - 5 °C 2.2: 55 percent / sulfuric acid / 2 h / 100 - 110 °C View Scheme

1: 44 percent / KNO3; H2SO4 / 4 h / 0 - 10 °C 2: 87 percent / H2SO4 / 2 h / 100 °C View Scheme

(i) aq. HNO3, (ii) H2SO4; Multistep reaction;

Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given;

1: 1.) hydrochloric acid; 2.) sodium nitrite / 1.) water, 2h, 30-40 deg C; 2.) water, >5 deg C, 1h 2: 1.) sodium sulphite, hydrochloric acid, copper sulphate 2.) sodium hydroxide / 1.) water, >5 deg C, 1h; 2.) water, room temperature, 18h 3: 56 percent / Iron powder, ferrous sulphate / H2O / 5 h / 90 - 95 °C View Scheme