1: butyl butyl ketone With gallium trifluoromethanesulfonate; ammonia in dichloromethane T=-78°C; 3 h; Inert atmosphere; 2: hydrogen cyanide in dichloromethane T=-78 - 25°C; Inert atmosphere; 3: carbon dioxide With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine in dichloromethane T=25°C; 14 h; Inert atmosphere;

N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine in dichloromethane T=25°C; 14 h;

potassium cyanide in methanol; water Reflux;

(hydrolysis);