1: K2CO3 / methanol 2: 100 percent / N-bromosuccinimide / CH2Cl2 3: 97 percent / imidazole / dimethylformamide 4: 80 percent / OsO4, NMO / H2O; tetrahydrofuran 5: 100 percent / PPTS / acetone 6: 95 percent / Zn, AcOH / methanol 7: 97 percent / diphenyl ether / 0.5 h / Heating 8: 83 percent / PDC / CH2Cl2 9: 100 percent / DIBAL / toluene / -78 °C 10: 84 percent / diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, PPh3 / tetrahydrofuran 11: 90 percent / aq. HCl / methanol / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 68 percent / NaOMe / methanol / 18 h / 24 °C 2: 75 percent / CrO3*2 pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 24 °C 3: 50 percent / K2CO3, 18-crown-6 / benzene / 5 h / 60 °C 4: 85 percent / NaBH4, CeCl3*3H2O / methanol / 0.08 h / 0 °C 5: Et3N / CH2Cl2 / 0.17 h / 0 °C 6: 84 percent / LiN3 / dimethylsulfoxide; hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide / 16 h / 24 °C 7: 85 percent / 1,3-propanedithiol, Et3N / methanol / 16 h / 24 °C 8: 52 percent / Et3N / butan-1-ol / 48 h / Heating 9: Ac2O / HCl without Ac2O 10: NH3 / methanol / 24 h / 65 °C 11: 61 percent / BCl3 / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / -78 °C View Scheme

1: 87 percent / NaBH4, CeCl3*7H2O / methanol 2: 60 percent / PPh3, Diethylazodicarboxylat (DEAD) / tetrahydrofuran 3: 85 percent / NH3 / methanol / sealed tube 4: 85 percent / HCl / methanol View Scheme

1: 60 percent / PPh3, Diethylazodicarboxylat (DEAD) / tetrahydrofuran 2: 85 percent / NH3 / methanol / sealed tube 3: 85 percent / HCl / methanol View Scheme

1: 91 percent / p-TosOH, H2O / acetone 2: 87 percent / NaBH4, CeCl3*7H2O / methanol 3: 60 percent / PPh3, Diethylazodicarboxylat (DEAD) / tetrahydrofuran 4: 85 percent / NH3 / methanol / sealed tube 5: 85 percent / HCl / methanol View Scheme

1: 85 percent / NH3 / methanol / sealed tube 2: 85 percent / HCl / methanol View Scheme

1: 89 percent / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 2: 91 percent / p-TosOH, H2O / acetone 3: 87 percent / NaBH4, CeCl3*7H2O / methanol 4: 60 percent / PPh3, Diethylazodicarboxylat (DEAD) / tetrahydrofuran 5: 85 percent / NH3 / methanol / sealed tube 6: 85 percent / HCl / methanol View Scheme

1: 1) NaH, 18-crown-6 / 1) DMF, 60 deg C, 6 h, 2) DMF, 48 h, RT, then 65 deg C, 6 h 2: 72 percent / CF3COOH, H2O / 50 °C View Scheme