1: p.toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / Heating 2: Na / various solvent(s) / Heating 3: 98 percent / NaOH / ethanol / Heating 4: 85 percent / neat (no solvent) / Heating 5: 90 percent / H2 / Pd/C / methanol / 6 h / Ambient temperature 6: 79 percent / Na / ethanol / 11 h / Heating View Scheme

1: p.toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / Heating 2: Na / various solvent(s) / Heating 3: 98 percent / NaOH / ethanol / Heating 4: 85 percent / neat (no solvent) / Heating View Scheme

1: p.toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / Heating 2: Na / various solvent(s) / Heating 3: 98 percent / NaOH / ethanol / Heating 4: 85 percent / neat (no solvent) / Heating 5: 90 percent / H2 / Pd/C / methanol / 6 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: p.toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / Heating 2: Na / various solvent(s) / Heating 3: 98 percent / NaOH / ethanol / Heating 4: 85 percent / neat (no solvent) / Heating 5: 90 percent / H2 / Pd/C / methanol / 6 h / Ambient temperature 6: 69 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 6 h / 80 °C View Scheme

1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / 1 h / Heating 2: potassium t-butoxide / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol / 5 h / Heating 3: 85 percent / 98percent H2SO4 / ethanol / 11 h / Heating 4: 90 percent / hydrogen / 10percent palladium on carbon / methanol / 6 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 5: 85 percent / sodium / ethanol / 1.) 1 h, room temp.; 2.) 60 deg C, 20 h View Scheme

1: p-toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / 1 h / Heating 2: potassium t-butoxide / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol / 5 h / Heating 3: 85 percent / 98percent H2SO4 / ethanol / 11 h / Heating 4: 32 percent / MnO2 / benzene / 96 h / Heating View Scheme