1: 65 percent / 1.) sodium / ethanol / 1.) reflux; 2.) reflux, 1 h 2: 92 percent / hydrolysis and decarboxylation according to Kohler and Reid View Scheme

4-toluene-sulfonylmethyl isocyanide; sodium hydride in diethyl ether; dimethyl sulfoxide 4 h; Ambient temperature;

1: ethanol; NH3 2: aqueous HCl View Scheme

1: 84 percent / 1,1,3,3-tetramethylquanidine / 24 h / 20 °C 2: 82 percent / Porcine liver acetone powder; sodium hydroxide; phosphate buffer / 2 h / 20 °C / pH 7 3: hydrogen; Raney nickel / ethanol / 3 h / 20 °C / 760 Torr 4: 0.60 g / toluene; ethanol / Heating 5: 100 percent / trimethylchlorosilane / 20 °C 6: 90 percent / 4-dimethylaminopyridine; triethylamine / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 20 °C 7: BH3-DMS / tetrahydrofuran / -10 - 20 °C 8: 0.16 g / hydrochloric acid / ethanol; tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / Heating 9: 100 percent / Amberlite IRA 400 (OH(1-)); aqueous acetic acid View Scheme

1: 84 percent / 1,1,3,3-tetramethylquanidine / 24 h / 20 °C 2: 79 percent / Porcine pancreatic lipase type II; sodium hydroxide; phosphate buffer / 72 h / 20 °C / pH 7.4 3: hydrogen; Raney nickel / ethanol / 3 h / 20 °C / 760 Torr 4: toluene; ethanol / Heating 5: 100 percent / trimethylchlorosilane / 20 °C 6: 92 percent / 4-dimethylaminopyridine; triethylamine / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 20 °C 7: BH3-DMS / tetrahydrofuran / -10 - 20 °C 8: hydrochloric acid / ethanol; tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / Heating 9: 100 percent / Amberlite IRA 400 (OH(1-)); aqueous acetic acid View Scheme

phenyl silane; oxygen; bis(dipivaloylmethanato)manganese(II) in ethanol T=0°C; P=760 Torr; 4 h;

1: 10.4 percent / TiCl4, 4-Methylmorpholine / tetrahydrofuran; CCl4 / 20 h / Ambient temperature 2: PPA / 0.5 h / 100 °C View Scheme

diethyl ether; sodium ethanolate

hydrogenchloride

1: 65 percent / 1.) sodium / ethanol / 1.) reflux; 2.) reflux, 1 h 2: 92 percent / hydrolysis and decarboxylation according to Kohler and Reid 3: sulfuric acid / benzene / 15 h / Heating 4: 50 percent / LiAlH4 View Scheme